AI citation library
The sources beneath every Hakim guide.
Ranked by how many guides they support. Each source links to every article that cites it — so both readers and AI systems can trace claims back to their origin.
How this library works
Every source below is one Hakim cites in at least one guide. Sources fall into a few categories:
- Peer-reviewed research — clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, mostly from PubMed-indexed journals.
- Clinical guidelines — recommendations from recognized medical or nutrition bodies.
- Historical Persian medical texts — primary sources like Avicenna's Canon of Medicine, cited for traditional context, not clinical evidence.
We label which category each source falls into, because a citation from a randomized trial and a citation from an 11th-century text are answering different questions — one about efficacy, one about tradition. Conflating them would be dishonest; keeping them separate is the point of this page.
Click any source to see every guide that cites it. If a claim in a guide doesn't have a source you can find here, that's a bug — tell us and we'll fix it.
- Peer-reviewedEstruch R et al. — PREDIMED (NEJM, 2018)cited by 3 guides
- cited by 2 guides
- cited by 2 guides
- cited by 2 guides
- Peer-reviewedPahor M et al. — LIFE Study (JAMA, 2014)cited by 2 guides
- Peer-reviewedBauer J et al. — PROT-AGE protein recommendations (JAMDA, 2013)cited by 2 guides
- Peer-reviewedLivingston G et al. — Lancet Commission on dementia (Lancet, 2024)cited by 2 guides
- Peer-reviewedStern Y — Cognitive reserve (Lancet Neurol, 2012)cited by 2 guides
- Peer-reviewedPREDIMED Trial — Mediterranean diet and cognitioncited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition — nut intake and cognitive declinecited by 1 guide
Observational cohort studies, 2015–2023.
- Peer-reviewedDiabetes Care — Postprandial walking and glycemic controlcited by 1 guide
Multiple randomized trials, 2013–2022.
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Ethnopharmacology — Crocus sativus RCTscited by 1 guide
Multiple trials comparing saffron to fluoxetine and imipramine, 2005–2020.
- Peer-reviewedPhytotherapy Research — Saffron and PMS symptomscited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBritish Journal of Nutrition — Polyphenols in extra-virgin olive oilcited by 1 guide
Reviews of oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and cardiovascular endpoints.
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedClinical Nutrition — Pomegranate juice and carotid atherosclerosiscited by 1 guide
Randomized trials in patients with vascular disease.
- Peer-reviewedAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Urolithins and cardiometabolic markerscited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedAASM — CBT-I as first-line treatment for chronic insomniacited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSleep — Morning light exposure and circadian entrainmentcited by 1 guide
Multiple controlled studies.
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Clinical Sleep Medicine — Temperature, alcohol, and sleep architecturecited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBMJ Open — Curcumin vs NSAIDs in osteoarthritis (systematic review)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNutrients (2020) — Curcumin and inflammatory markers meta-analysiscited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPlanta Medica — Piperine and curcumin bioavailabilitycited by 1 guide
Landmark bioavailability study, 1998.
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPreventive Medicine (2022) — Purpose in life and mortality meta-analysiscited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBlue Zones research — Buettner, National Geographiccited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJAMA (Ohsaki Study, 2006) — Green tea and mortalitycited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology — Tea consumption and mortality meta-analysiscited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNutritional Neuroscience — L-theanine and attentioncited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBlue Zones observational work — Dan Buettner et al.cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedThe Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention (2020, 2024 updates)cited by 1 guide
- Historical textIbn Sina — The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb, ~1025)cited by 1 guide
Primary source for mizaj.
- Peer-reviewedPormann & Savage-Smith — Medieval Islamic Medicine (Edinburgh, 2007)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine — reviews on mizaj concordance studies (2015–2023)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNEJM — DASH diet trial (Appel et al., 1997)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCochrane — Sodium reduction and blood pressure (2013)cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Nutrition — Hibiscus tea and blood pressure (McKay et al., 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCochrane — Garlic for hypertension (meta-analyses, 2013–2020)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJournal of Research in Medical Sciences — Magnesium and insomnia in older adults (Abbasi et al., 2012)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBMC Complementary Medicine — Magnesium and sleep quality systematic review (2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNutrients — Dietary magnesium and sleep in the general population (2022)cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMorris JN — Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work (Lancet, 1953)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBuettner D — Blue Zones (National Geographic)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNew England Centenarian Study — Boston Universitycited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLi Y et al. — Impact of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancy (Circulation, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHolt-Lunstad J — Social relationships and mortality (PLOS Medicine, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFried LP et al. — Frailty in older adults (J Gerontol, 2001)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPeterson MD et al. — Resistance training in older adults (Ageing Res Rev, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCruz-Jentoft AJ et al. — EWGSOP2 Sarcopenia (Age & Ageing, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSherrington C et al. — Exercise for preventing falls (Cochrane, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLi F et al. — Tai chi and fall prevention (JAMA Intern Med, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWatson SL et al. — LIFTMOR trial (JBMR, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBolland MJ et al. — Calcium supplements and cardiovascular risk (BMJ, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- GuidelineNIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Centercited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLivingston G et al. — Lancet Commission on dementia prevention (Lancet, 2024)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNgandu T et al. — FINGER trial (Lancet, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLin FR et al. — ACHIEVE hearing aid trial (Lancet, 2023)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKrupp LB — Post-infectious cognitive symptoms (reviews)cited by 1 guide
- GuidelineAdan A — Cognitive performance and dehydration (J Am Coll Nutr, 2012)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedZeidan F et al. — Mindfulness meditation and attention (Conscious Cogn, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWard AF et al. — Brain drain: the mere presence of one's own smartphone (JACR, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSPRINT-MIND Investigators (JAMA, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLin FR et al. — ACHIEVE trial (Lancet, 2023)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedErickson KI et al. — Exercise, hippocampus, and memory (PNAS, 2011)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDraganski B et al. — Structural brain changes with learning (Nature, 2004)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedJenkins DJA et al. — Portfolio Diet (JAMA, 2011)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCholesterol Treatment Trialists — Statins and vascular events (Lancet, 2010; 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHartley L et al. — Soluble fiber for lipids (Cochrane, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Guideline2021 ESC Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines (Eur Heart J)cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- GuidelineLevine GN et al. — Meditation and cardiovascular risk (AHA Scientific Statement, Circulation 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedZaccaro A et al. — Slow breathing and physiology (Front Hum Neurosci, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedOrnish D et al. — Lifestyle Heart Trial (Lancet, 1990; JAMA, 1998)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedTemplin C et al. — Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (NEJM, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedTrichopoulou A et al. — Mediterranean diet and survival (NEJM, 2003)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPanda S — Circadian physiology (Cell, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSutton EF et al. — Early time-restricted feeding (Cell Metab, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWright KP et al. — Entrainment of the circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle (Curr Biol, 2013)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBurgess HJ et al. — Melatonin dose and phase shifting (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedAuld F et al. — meta-analyses of melatonin (Sleep Med Rev, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHaghayegh S et al. — Passive body heating and sleep (Sleep Med Rev, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKay CD et al. — Pistachios and cardiovascular risk (J Nutr, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSauder KA et al. — Pistachios and glucose control (Nutrition, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMusa-Veloso K et al. — Almonds and LDL cholesterol (Nutr Rev, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBerryman CE et al. — Almonds and gut microbiota (Am J Clin Nutr)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRied K — Garlic and blood pressure (J Nutr, 2020)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedZeng T et al. — Garlic and lipids meta-analysis (J Sci Food Agric)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedShidfar F et al. — Sumac and glycemic control (Iran J Pharm Res, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRahideh ST et al. — Sumac in type 2 diabetes (J Res Med Sci, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedStudenski S et al. — Gait speed and survival (JAMA, 2011)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPetersen RC — Mild cognitive impairment (NEJM, 2011)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFaraone SV et al. — International consensus statement on ADHD (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRoediger HL, Karpicke JD — Test-enhanced learning (Psychol Sci, 2006)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDunlosky J et al. — Improving students' learning (Psychol Sci Public Interest, 2013)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedvan Dyck CH et al. — Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's (NEJM, 2023)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedPark DC et al. — The Synapse Project (Psychol Sci, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- cited by 1 guide
- Guideline2018 US Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Reportcited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedEkelund U et al. — Activity and mortality dose-response (BMJ, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMomma H et al. — Muscle-strengthening and mortality (BJSM, 2022)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMorris JN — Coronary heart disease and physical activity of work (Lancet, 1953)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRidker PM et al. — CANTOS (NEJM, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedTardif JC et al. — COLCOT (NEJM, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFurman D et al. — Chronic inflammation across the life span (Nat Med, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLibby P — Inflammation and atherosclerosis (Circulation, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- GuidelineQaseem A et al. — ACP guideline on chronic insomnia (Ann Intern Med, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedEspie CA et al. — Digital CBT-I (Lancet Psychiatry, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDiekelmann S, Born J — The memory function of sleep (Nat Rev Neurosci, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMander BA et al. — Sleep and human aging (Neuron, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedIrish LA et al. — Sleep hygiene evidence review (Sleep Med Rev, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBrooks A, Lack L — A brief afternoon nap (Sleep, 2006)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDutheil F et al. — Naps and cardiovascular risk (Sleep Med Rev, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedTurati F et al. — Allium vegetables and cancer (Mol Nutr Food Res, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMarefati N et al. — Onion and cardiovascular effects (J Ethnopharmacol, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedManson JE et al. — VITAL trial (NEJM, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBischoff-Ferrari HA et al. — Vitamin D and falls (BMJ, 2009)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFurman D et al. — Chronic inflammation in disease across the life span (Nat Med, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSahebkar A et al. — Nigella sativa meta-analyses (Phytomedicine, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedAmsterdam JD et al. — Chamomile for generalized anxiety (Phytomedicine, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMoss M, Oliver L — Rosemary aroma & cognition (Ther Adv Psychopharmacol, 2012)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKemmerich B — Thyme in acute bronchitis (Arzneimittelforschung, 2007)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKhanna R et al. — Peppermint oil for IBS meta-analysis (J Clin Gastroenterol, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKennedy DO et al. — Sage and cognition (Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2006)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedGhasemi V et al. — Fennel and dysmenorrhea (J Herb Med, 2020)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKasper S et al. — Silexan in anxiety (Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMahboubi M — Rosa damascena review (J Tradit Complement Med, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMarx W et al. — Ginger in nausea (Nutr Rev, 2013)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRahmani AH et al. — Dates review (Int J Clin Exp Med, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedVinson JA — Dried fruit and polyphenols (J Am Coll Nutr, 2005)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSiervo M et al. — Dietary nitrate and BP meta-analysis (J Nutr, 2013)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCheng HM et al. — Tomato and cardiovascular disease (Atherosclerosis, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDarmadi-Blackberry I et al. — Legumes and longevity (Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2004)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedChen M et al. — Yogurt and type 2 diabetes (BMC Med, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWastyk HC et al. — Fermented foods and microbiome (Cell, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedGodos J et al. — Eggs and CVD meta-analysis (Nutrients, 2021)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMozaffarian D, Rimm EB — Fish and cardiovascular disease (JAMA, 2006)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMorris MC et al. — MIND diet and cognition (Alzheimers Dement, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDmitrieva NI et al. — Hydration and aging (eBioMedicine, 2023)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWright KP et al. — Sunlight and circadian entrainment (Curr Biol, 2013)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFiatarone MA et al. — Strength training in nonagenarians (NEJM, 1994)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedCyrino ES et al. — Mobility training in older adults (Age, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLaukkanen T et al. — Sauna and cardiovascular mortality (JAMA Intern Med, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedZaccaro A et al. — Slow breathing review (Front Hum Neurosci, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWhite MP et al. — Nature and health (Sci Rep, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHolt-Lunstad J et al. — Social relationships and mortality (PLoS Med, 2010)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedEmmons RA, McCullough ME — Gratitude and wellbeing (J Pers Soc Psychol, 2003)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedRomero-Gomez M et al. — Lifestyle in NAFLD (J Hepatol, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedKnowler WC et al. — Diabetes Prevention Program (NEJM, 2002)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedLean ME et al. — DiRECT trial (Lancet, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFord AC et al. — IBS management (Am J Gastroenterol, 2014)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedYang J et al. — Fiber and constipation (World J Gastroenterol, 2012)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNess-Jensen E et al. — Lifestyle in GERD (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedBannuru RR et al. — OA management (Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHolt-Lunstad J et al. — Loneliness and mortality (Perspect Psychol Sci, 2015)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedMaslach C, Leiter MP — Burnout research review (World Psychiatry, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedStubbs B et al. — Exercise and anxiety (Psychiatry Res, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedHall KD et al. — Ultra-processed food and intake (Cell Metab, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedGrundy SM et al. — Metabolic syndrome definition (Circulation, 2005)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedNieman DC — Exercise and immunity (J Sport Health Sci, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedManson JE et al. — Menopause and HRT (JAMA, 2017)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedOduwole O et al. — Honey for cough (Cochrane, 2018)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedDevore EE et al. — Berries and cognitive aging (Ann Neurol, 2012)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedFeng L et al. — Mushrooms and cognitive impairment (J Alzheimers Dis, 2019)cited by 1 guide
- GuidelineAune D et al. — Whole grains and mortality (BMJ, 2016)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedSesso HD et al. — COSMOS trial (Am J Clin Nutr, 2022)cited by 1 guide
- Peer-reviewedWalker MP — Sleep and athletic recovery (Sleep Med Rev, 2017)cited by 1 guide
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